Fluid-fuel-burning apparatus



Feb. 2s, 192s. 1,660,857

. J. L.` BREESE, JR

FLUID FUELBURNING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 9, 1926 riesca reses, ma UNITED s'ra'rrs .PATEnr oFFicE.

JAMES L.

nannesz, n., or cmcaeo, minors, `Assjreusiron. To ori. raviolis consomnoir,- oir carence, rumors, a coaroaarioir or umore Y 'lawsuit-BURNING maximus' .ippimuon mea segun a,n im. smal in. 12ans'.

My invention relates to and oilvheat'er and y particularly to a small oil heating unit adapted for domestic iisg or for garage heat. ing although I do not lwish to'be limited t0 any specific use therefor.` One object is the provision of such a unit,v adapted vto burn a liquidl hydrocarbon fuel substantially without carbon deposit. Other objects will ag of t e pear from time to time in the course specification.

I illustrate my invention more or di-4 agrammatically ings, whereinigure 1l is a vertical section; andl Fi re 2 is an enlarged detailed section. v Li e parts are indicated by like symbols in the accompanying` drawthroughout the lspecification and drawings.

A generally indicates a stove` assem having le s A1 a bottom member A2 and downwar 1y depending rim A3.

B is an outer cylindrical sectionl resting upon the bottom A2. Supported upon its upper edge is the partition ring B1 having fthe downwardly `depending outer centering flange B2 and the inner depending flange B3.

iB* is a centering ange projecting fromthe upper face of the ring and adapted to position the radiator member C restingrupon said rin C1 is a downwardly and outwardly inc ined rim adapted to protect the up er edge of the druin B. 'C2 is any suita le cover member'for the radiator membery C having for example the outwardly projecting flange C3 resting upon the upper edge of the cylinder and the downwardly depending centering flange C4. C5 is aprotecting rim similar to the rim C1.- C8 is any suitable flue' and C7 a pivoted transparent back-draft indcator adapted normally to rest against the abutment C8.

Within the drum B is the mixin drum D,

I the upper edge of which engages t ie bottom yit of the artition member B1' and is centered by the ange B3. Itis herein shown as having a concave bottom. D1 in communication with the fuel inlet pipe D* lr)3 indicates a layer of sand lin the bottom of the burner. The' walls of the burner are provided witha 'plurality of air inlets D. It will be noted that the lower edge of they drum D is free .from such apertures and that the upper edge is provided with a plurality of larger and more closel spaced and up)wardly and inwardly inc 'ned apertures The bottom A is provided withfan air inlet E adapted to be controlled by an suitable closure E1, herein shown as a sli ',E.. f E* is a control rod extending from theclosure member E1 and adapted to actuate the fuel control valve Et through the bell: crank lever E", the link E7 and the rocking lever x I t will be realized that whereas I have described and shown a practical andyoperative device that nevertheless many changes mi ht be made inthe size, shape, number and ispo si tion of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention. I wish my drawings and description, to be taken as 1n a broad sense illustrative or diagrammatic rather than as limiting me to the structure specifically described.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

lower drum and an upper drum, the combustion drum proper'being centered within the lower drum, its open top communicating with the bottom of the upper drum, the lower drum being indicated as B, the upper drum as C, and'the inner drum as D. The drum B housesand protects the combustion drum D and provides it with a controlled supply of air, the'combustion drum being perforated throughout its area as below described. The supply of air may be controlled by the sli e or dam r E1 in the air inlet E, such inlet being t e sole passageway through which* air is permitted to How inwardly to support combustion.

The combustion drum D is herein shown as provided with a concave bottom in which may if desired be located a layer of sand orv similar inelydivided material. Any suitable means may be employed to deliver a supply of oil tothis concave bottom and I E place lar ely above the level of the particombustion.

, vaporize 'supply adequate therefor, but inadequate to sup ort premature combustion, I employ the ward flower. eddy is hi hly damaginlg and destroys the conditions o combustion wish to maintain and interferes with the hydroxper orations Dwhich are of such cross-sec- Lylation an `permits a partialvor complete tion and number as to deliver into the mixing zone a s ply of air sucient for hydroxylation but msuicient to support complete The inflowing air is mechanlcall mixed withl the upwardly rising or gasified hydrocarbon, and chemical union takes place, the hydrocarbon bein changed the addition of oxygen into ydroxyla compounds inwhich the carbon molecules are associated with oxygen molecules, the de osit of free carbon being thereby prevents In thelnormal operation of the burnerY the combustion; which takes tion mem er B1, radiates the heat necessary for the vaporization and asication ofthe liquid hydrocarbon expose in the bottom of the drum D. The gasified fuel rises, and 1s hydroxy/lated by the admixture of the air through the apertures D. Preferably, whetherby controlling the inflow of air or the area and cross-section of the apertures Y D, the air is so admitted as not to interfere with the normal upward risin of thegasified hydrocarbon and ofthe ydroxylate'd mixture formed therewith. It is extremelyim ortant thatI back-drafts and downward eddhes be avoided and in the burner and mixing drum, as herein described and shown, experience shows that such backdrafts maybe avoided by the proportioning and spacing ofthe apertures as herein shown. As the hydroxylated mixture rises,

'thus unim eded by the cross circulation of air, it reac es the level of the a ertures D. These a ertures direct, upwar l and inwardly, arger and stronger jets o air which combine with the hydroxylated hydrocarbon to form a'combustible mixture. In the form herein shown the upwardly and inwardly inclined apertures direct converging jets of air to form a species of hood or cone into whichthe hydroxylated mixture rises. rihe combustion takes place as the said mixture receives the additional air necessary to support complete combustion andthe heat of combustion, is radiated from the walls of the cylinder C.

Y As regards the speeiiic roportioningof the a ertures a4 considerale variation is allowa le.. However the 'total cross-seci tional area of the upper row of apertures is .so supplie preferably greater than the total cross-,sec-

tional area of all the rest of the apertures vfor combustion, prior to such hydroxylation, with a consequent-deposit of carbon dn thedrum D and discharge of free carbon upwardly with the exhaust gases of. combustion.

The flap C7 is in practice an eilicent means preventing back-drafts down the lue and into the drum D which might otherwise interfere with the proper combustion. As the gate C? is completely pivoted any substantial increase ofA pressure within the drum C opens the gate and is relieved by iiow through the'gate.l

I claim:

1. A mechanism for burningliquid fuels,

which includes a chamber, means for admitting a liquid fuel to 1said chamber, means for directing a primary air sup ly into said chamber at a4 level above the evel of saidair s pply upwardly and inwardly about the `mix ure thereby formed at a level above the level of admission of supply.

2. A mechanism for burning liquid fuels,

said primary air,

Vwhich includes a chamber means for admitting a liquid fuel to said chamber, means for directinv'- a primary air sup ly into said chamber atba level above the level of said atb ioo

liquid fuels and for mixing said primary air wardly and inwardl inclined jets.

3. A mechanism or burning liquid fuels, which includes an apertured walled mixing chamber, means for delivering a liquid fuel to the bottom of said chamber, the aperturesA of said wall being divided into two zones, namely a primary air supply zone positioned at a level above the level of the hquid fuel, and consisting of a relatively large number formed,

of relatively small apertures, and means for` v delivering air Vthrough, said apertures, the

size and spacing of said lapertures being adapted to effect a thorough mixture of the primary air sup ly so delivered with the vaporized or gasified fuel within the chaina ber, and a secondary supply zone above said primary supplyzoiic, consisting of a relatively large number of somewhat larger apertures. y 1

` 4. A mechanism for burning liquid fuels, which includes an apertured walled mixin chamber, means for delivering a liquid fu to the bottom of said chamber, the apertures of said wall being divided into two zones,

namely a primary air supply zone positioned at a level above the level of the liquid fuel, and consisting of a relatively large number of relatively small apertures, and means for deliveringr air through said apertures, the size and s )acing of said apertures being adapted to eflect'a thorough mixture of the primary air supply so delivered with the vaporized or gasified fuel within the chamberand a secondary supply zone above said primary supply zone," consisting` of a relatively large number of somewhat larger apertures, said secondary apertures being formed to direct individual jets of air upwardly and inwardlyabout the mixture of fuel and primary air.

5. A mechanism for burning liquid fuels, which includes a chamber and means for admitting a liquid fuel thereto, a cylindrical wall for said chamber, provided with a plurality of primary air apertures positioned above the level of the liquid fuel, said wall beingr further provided, adjacent its upper edge, with a plurality of secondary air inlet apertures, said secondary apertures being shaped and positioned positively to direct upward and inward -jets of air about the mixture formed of the primary air and the vaporized fuel. i

6. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel, which includes a chamber and means for admitting a 1i( uidfuel. thereto, a cylindrical wall for said cllamber, provided with a plul'ality of primary air apertures positioned above' the level'of the liquid fuel, said wall being further provided, adjacent its upper edge, with a plurality of secondary air inlet a ertures, sald. secondary apertures being slaped and positioned positively to direct upward and inward" jets ol air about the mixture formed of the primary air and the vaporized fuel, the total cross sectional area of the secondary air apertures substantially exceeding the total c'ross sectional area of the primary air apertures. A

Signed at Chicago county of Cook and State of Illinois, this 5th day of August, i926.

JAMES L. BREESE, JR. 

